Crimes of this nature are not only an attack on the victim, but are meant to threaten and intimidate whole communities of people, FBI spokeswoman Samantha T. Shero said in a written statement to The Washington Post. Walking further I saw a body hanging from a tree on the embankment.. Portraits of soldiers in the 24th Infantry Regiment, Company E, before they shipped overseas to fight in the Pacific. I wouldnt doubt it at all, she said. Jennifer B. Scott was born in Westchester, NY, in 1962. We cannot see her anguish. Former Waco City Councilwoman Toni Herbert is among those who deserve credit for the long-awaited state historical marker commemorating the May 15, 1916 lynching of . Lynchings were less common in northeast Georgia and along the coast. A Black soldier was lynched on Fort Benning 80 years ago. The public interprets this silence as indicative of indifference., William H. Hastie, Civilian aide to the Secretary of War, 1940-1942. Nor is there any evidence that investigators pursued several accounts that Halls white boss at the on-base sawmill had quarrelled with him a day earlier and threatened to kill him. * For the safety of our guests and staff members, The museum requires all visitors ages 3 and up to wear a face mask that covers their nose and mouth at all times. Pvt. But instead of fighting in the Pacific, as his . Pvt. Read the back story here. I want you, the viewer, to relate to as much of the human being and their environment as possible, Observe skin color, facial features, the color of their clothing, time of day and place where these acts took place. The Waco Horror: Grisly 1916 lynching still overshadows city. There is no known gravestone for Felix Hall. An older woman, leaning over the victim, is beside herself with anger and sadness. But he denied that he sat outside waiting for one, and he denied having any involvement in Halls death. 3 7/8 x 5 1/2". CNN . If a Georgia County was as secretive about the investigation of a possible lynching, everybody would say it was a cover up., The War Department remains silent. The cards are black and white or sepia-toned.1 I believe that the small size of these postcards and their lack of color prevent you, the viewer, from connecting with the victims in the postcards. According to the accounts of black soldiers, someone had threatened to kill Hall just a day before he vanished: Henry J. Smith, the white civilian foreman at the sawmill. Lee "died as a result of a hemorrhage and probably asphyxiation from the face . On Jan. 31 he made his first and only payment, 65 cents, on a life insurance policy. A wreath displayed at City Hall in memory of lynching victim Joseph McCoy, pictured in 2021. . That was the rumor that Pearl Follett heard. We ask you to keep your comments relevant and respectful. Pvt. If a Georgia County was as secretive about the investigation of a possible lynching, everybody would say it was a cover up.. Create an account or sign in to continue with your reading experience. If you don't see it, please check your junk folder. His boss, a white civilian named Henry J. Smith, allegedly threatened to kill Hall and told him not to return to work the next day. Lynching postcards were in widespread production for more than fifty years in the United States; although their distribution through . I wouldnt doubt it at all, she said. Soldiers traipsed through them to frequent bars and pick up prostitutes in an Alabama town just across the Chattahoochee River. Attention local KISS fans, get your face . The FBI continues to withhold this information, citing a legal exemption designed to prevent the disclosure of information that would be considered an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy. 1Sepia is a brown tone found in many old photographs. Addeddate 2016-02-22 18:59:35 Associated-names National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Call number 2085 Camera Canon EOS 5D Mark II James Fenderson, 80, was 6 when his cousin Felix Hall was lynched. There had been a number of reports of Peeping Toms turned in to the Provost Marshals office from this area immediately prior to the murdering of the victim, but none were made after his disappearance, an FBI agent reported. In their investigations, the FBI and the War Department failed to obtain and in some cases ignored critical information about the crime. A Fort Benning physician on April 8 ruled Halls death a homicide. Today's news and culture by Black and other reporters in the Black and mainstream media. Pvt. It was early in 1941, eight months before Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, and with World War II already raging overseas, the United States was recruiting young men to serve their country. The FBI later concluded there were multiple assailants. . Ace Milliard Allison, were off work the day that Hall disappeared. For his thesis, he examined the 50-year period "of absolute madness . Kenneth Thomas grew up with a similar understanding, even though he is from a different branch of the family tree. Halls body was recovered on the morning of March 28,1941, by a platoon of the 20th Engineer Regiment, which was training in the woods. The soldiers mother handed his letter over to her local NAACP chapter in Ohio, whose director sent it on to New York. All that time, Halls body was just out of sight, no more than a 15-minute walk from the bustling center of the post. Leesburg Daily Commercial: Local News, Politics & Sports in Leesburg, FL. There is no record of follow-up questioning of witnesses or any other effort to distill the truth from the conflicting information, no attempt to get to the bottom of what transpired at the mill. The FBI continues to withhold this information, citing a legal exemption designed to prevent the disclosure of information that would be considered an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy. White had already received a letter describing the discovery of Halls body. The bureau rotated at least half a dozen agents through the Hall case. There is no known gravestone for Felix Hall. His skin was peeling away. The Statesboro-Bulloch Remembrance Coalition has asked Statesboro's mayor and council for permission to erect a marker next to City Hall . His ears were cut off, and his body riddled with bullets. At the end of May, Daniels published an article in the Nation criticizing the governments silence regarding Halls death. He had two cousins on the base, and his best friend from home, who enlisted the day after he did, slept in a nearby bunk. Postmedia is committed to maintaining a lively but civil forum for discussion and encourage all readers to share their views on our articles. Fort Benning. 1 min read. I hope to stimulate new questions and emotions about the content. The lynchers used a small rope, tying the rope under his arms and . White wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, rebuking them for the suggestion that Halls death was a suicide and demanding an investigation. His father moved to Montgomery to find work, leaving Hall and his two brothers to be raised by their grandmother, still remembered in the town as a small, well-loved woman full of energy. The next issue of NP Posted will soon be in your inbox. She moved to Chicago in 1997 and taught printmaking at the Art Institute of Chicago and figure drawing in their Continuing Education Department. The lead of the story Omaha mob lynches man, tries to lynch mayor, burns courthouse . A journalist in Wrightsville reported the lynching of Lee Hall for the Sandersville Progress: "It seems that the lynchers made a complete failure to remove his handcuffs and the negro is now hanging to the tree handcuffed. I want to hold your attention there for as long as possible. James Fenderson is probably the last living relative who knew Hall. Pvt. Without Sanctuary. Im peculiar about ghosts, Fenderson said. Scott was also an instructor at Robert Morris Collage, Harold Washington Collage, and Oakton Community Collage. Thats why I dont come down this way.. Washington Post research editor Alice Crites contributed to this report. Robert Templeton, Fort Benning Military Police Detachment, U.S. Army, March 28, 1941. Finding Mr. Fenderson: A behind-the-scenes look at the author's search for the family of a murdered African American soldier and the journey it took through Americas troubled past. The FBI is committed to working with both our law enforcement and community partners to aggressively investigate these types of allegations and bring justice for the victims and their families.. I agree with Philip Dray who wrote, Until we understand how pervasive and socially accepted the practice [of lynching] wasand, more important,why this was soit will haunt all efforts at racial reconciliation.2, "Three Generations," "The Impossible" and "My Son, My Grandson". The public interprets this silence as indicative of indifference.. Thousands of African Americans were lynched during the Jim Crow Era, between the 1880s and the Second World War. In short, the accounts provided by the black soldiers who in the Jim Crow South would ordinarily have been afraid to tell a white investigator anything they knew about the hanging of a black man were simply set aside. From the position of the body and the location in which it was found, the FBI report said, it does not appear that one man could have committed the crime.. A quarter-inch noose, tethered to a sapling on the earthen bank above him, dug into the flesh of his neck. First, there must Sergeant WILLIAMS knew of no trouble in which HALL had been involved, and knew no one that disliked [the] victim.. Jesse Lee Bond was lynched in Arlington,Tennessee on April 28, 1939--in broad daylight, on the town square. The FBI later concluded there were multiple assailants. The story of the only known lynching on a U.S. military base. This series of six paintings and three collages is my response to lynching postcards. Souvenir Postcard of Lee Hall, lynched in a trash dump in Wrightsville, Georgia. Based on an analysis of nearly six hundred lynchings, this volume offers a new, full appraisal of the complex character of lynching. I did not see the family members left behind to take down the victim, to mourn and bury the remains-if there was enough to bury. Crimes of this nature are not only an attack on the victim, but are meant to threaten and intimidate whole communities of people, FBI spokeswoman Samantha T. Shero said in a written statement to The Washington Post. Marvin J. Coyle, who as provost marshal was head of the military police at Fort Benning, believed that Hodges had a motive to kill Hall and a reason to commit this crime in the manner in which it was committed, according to the FBI. Museum Community FREE Days: Sat, Feb 25th - 10am to 5pm CT & Sun, Feb 26th - 12 to 5pm CT. Freedom-Lovers' Pledge. James C. Hodges had a motive to kill Pvt. TAMPA, Fla. (WFLA) A Land O'Lakes man was arrested after he caused a deadly three-vehicle crash that killed a Tampa man early Sunday morning, troopers . Although the victims of lynchings were members of various ethnicities, after roughly 4 million enslaved African Americans were emancipated, they became the primary targets of white Southerners. Alexa Mills is a recent graduate of Northeastern University School of Journalisms masters program in Media Innovation. But the War Department, alongside the American Red Cross, thwarted even his effort to integrate the blood at blood banks. In a telephone interview, she remembered her father as a drunk a man who would beat her and her siblings, then lapse into tears. Pvt. The only work available to black teenagers in Millbrook was picking cotton. The last major wave occurred during the 1930s at a time when public interracial efforts to overturn Jim Crow were just beginning in the state. She added: If a group got together, he would have been right in the middle of it saying, Lets go. Marcus Gaveys idea was probably the best alternative to continued abuse in Christian and Muslim nations. 4 p.m.: Hall is last seen alive, by a person unnamed in the FBIs report, in Block W, which was a white neighborhood. Green and his brother-in-law, Sgt. His lynching was an inconvenient reminder of violence against black servicemen at a time when the military was working hard to recruit young men of all races for a looming war. Margaret Burnham, the first African American woman jurist in Massachusetts and a restorative justice pioneer, explains why it is important to examine cases like Felix Hall's, where the perpetrator or perpetrators have long since died. His neighbor, Mrs. S.S. Thompson, reported at the time that Green had been sitting outside his house with a shotgun, prepared to shoot a colored Peeping Tom who had been disturbing the residents. One of those Black soldiers, 19-year-old Private Felix Hall, was assigned to work at the sawmill located on Fort Benning property. Fort Benning officials and military police also had a part in the probe. In the reports compiled by the FBI and the War Department, there is no record of investigators asking Halls friends and cousins whether they had looked for him after he disappeared or whether they suspected foul play. For the past thirty years, printmaking (in particular intaglio and lithography), painting and collage have been Ms. Scotts primary means of expression and concentration. DeSantis slaps Disney just before launching new book. His father, James Hall, and grandmother Sarah Hall received $5,000 from the government and $1,000 from the life insurance company, paid in monthly installments of approximately $30. According to the accounts of black soldiers, someone had threatened to kill Hall just a day before he vanished: Henry J. Smith, the white civilian foreman at the sawmill. The lynching of Lee Hall, his body hung from a tree, bullet hole in head, ears cut off, discarded cookstove and trash. His cousin James Fenderson was only 6 when Hall died but grew up hearing that Hall had flirted across the color line, which could easily get a black man lynched in the South. 2Dray Philip, At The Hands of Persons Unknown: Lynching of Black America. White had already received a letter describing the discovery of Halls body. Though, they weren't the only ones who protested, Frank Bates was one of the many young protesters. February 7, 1903, Wrightsville, Georgia. I wouldnt doubt it. 2 talking about this. The Omaha World-Herald, on Sept. 29, 1919, recounts the previous day's riot. He seemed happy in the Army and swept up with his social life. She is confident that he reported what he saw. The royalty of black Harlem W.E.B. Back in 1941, the word at Fort Benning was that Hall had his eyes on a white woman and was killed for it. Hundreds were killed for interacting with white women, sometimes after nothing more than a glance. The shrinking boundaries of sovereign Native nations in 1910 are shown on the map in light pink. Hall's best friend, Shepherd L. Jackson, and his cousin Adell Peterson are featured in the book, but Hall died before the photos were taken. Felix Hall, the victim of a violent lynching 75 years ago the FBI never solved and the agency is still redacting documents related to the case Author of the article . Halls family and friends nicknamed him Poss.. Yet for the next four months, the War Department and authorities at Fort Benning told the public that they were investigating the possibility that Halls death was a suicide. Even today, the FBI continues to redact a key part of the 75-year-old report. According to the FBI, Hall was last seen alive in the vicinity of Hodgess house. Halls case may be cold, but it still resonates. I developed Stories Behind the Postcards to cause an emotional shift in the viewer and a thoughtful shift in the conversation around race. Now, the FBI says that all racially motivated crimes are a high priority, though the bureau declined to discuss the specific Hall case. His death certificate does not say where he was buried. He is the negro who attempted an assault on Mrs. H. H. Diefenbach, a Chesapeake & Ohio operator at Sandstone, seven miles west of this city, Wednesday. World War II: Felix Hall Lynching FBI Files, Newspaper Articles, Historical Material893 pages of material covering the lynching of Private Felix Hall at Fort Benning in February of 1941.On February 12 . His feet rest on the dirt that he dug out of a ravine wall in an effort to release the pressure of the noose around his neck. Inscription on reverse in brown ink: "Lee Hall col, lynched Saturday Feb, 7th 1903 about 11 o'clock P.M." more . Back in 1941, the word at Fort Benning was that Hall had his eyes on a white woman and was killed for it. For months after his body was discovered, military authorities told the public that Halls death may have been a suicide, though a military physician who examined the body within two weeks of its recovery ruled it a homicide and put that on Halls death certificate. Regardless, Cory said . Over the years, I have thought about what I did not see in the postcards. She now resides in Chicago, IL. Banks Lawing later told a board of officers at Fort Benning. Felix Hall was barely an adult when he was found hanging from a tree on a segregated Army base in Georgia in 1941. Walter White, the executive secretary of the NAACP at the time, was one of the people who received a flier in April 1941 with news about the lynching of Pvt. The events began with the attempt late on August 17 by Newberry constable George Wynne to serve a warrant on Boisey Long, an African-American man, for stealing hogs.Accounts differ about how the conflict began and who fired first, but Long shot and killed Wynne, and wounded another man, L. G . virtual.museum@abhmuseum.org, ABHM On-Site In the reports compiled by the FBI and the War Department, there is no record of investigators asking Halls friends and cousins whether they had looked for him after he disappeared or whether they suspected foul play. Pvt. Hastie, an African American, had already been a successful lawyer and a federal judge when Roosevelt appointed him to the War Department in 1940 as civilian aide to the secretary. In contrast, five white people, including four civilian sawmill employees and one soldier, reported knowing nothing of a fight between Hall and Henry Smith. Those documents were turned over to Northeasterns School of Journalism, prompting a year-long investigation into the lynching and the governments failure to see justice done. He turned 19 on Jan. 1. Access all of our expanded, online-only, subscriber exclusive opinion writing. Willie Ellison reported to the FBI that hed heard from two people that Smith had threatened to kill Hall if he did not call him Sir. According to Sgt. In Virginia, the southern state with the fewest lynchings, W. Fitzhugh Brundage found . Kevin Lee Updated Mar. It was early in 1941, eight months before Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, and with World War II already raging overseas, the United States was recruiting young men to serve their country. His death certificate does not say where he was buried. Nor is there any evidence that investigators pursued several accounts that Halls white boss at the on-base sawmill had quarreled with him a day earlier and threatened to kill him. They tried to claim he hung himself, the soldier wrote. I want my paintings to encourage you to look at the worst human brutality imaginable-even if it makes you uncomfortable. I remember the professors I thought of as friends 40+ years ago and . But in an interview earlier this year, a retired social worker who grew up on base revealed that her stepfather had found the body of a black man hanging in the same location in the woods in early 1941 and that he had reported it. The removal of Native peoples was mostly complete by then, and the last of the Indian Territory was converted into the state of Oklahoma in 1907 . Willie T. Smith, another black soldier, reported that Hall said that his boss had threatened to strike him and that to defend himself, Hall picked up a cant hook, a long metal pole with a hook at the end used for handling logs. That was the rumour that Pearl Follett heard. [Curator's note: These postcards, known as "collectibles," are still being sold today in antique stores, rummage sales, and on and offline.]. It had a hand-drawn picture of Felix Hall, in uniform, hanging by a noose from a tree. Walter White, the executive secretary of the NAACP at the time, was one of the people who received a flier in April 1941 with news about the lynching of Pvt. Hall didnt seem the kind of person to go AWOL. A "multi-function" face cream from the French brand Clarins that addresses skin concerns such as radiance, firmness and plumpness. Thomas was lynched on Aug. 8, 1899, at the corner of King and Fairfax streets - 120 years ago today. When asked for a more specific reason, an FBI official said the information was probably redacted because it pertained to individuals who were 100 years old or younger and still thought to be alive, thus protected by the exemption. She recalled that she and her older sister had listened through their bedroom wall to their parents as they talked over what they should do. Hall was known to speak with white people of both genders and all ages, more casually than was considered appropriate at the time, Fenderson recalled in an interview. Lynching was most prevalent in the South, including Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and . Lynching escalated during the 1920s and Texas ranked third among states between the years 1885 and 1942 with approximately 468, including 339 blacks. His mother and other older relatives told Fenderson that Halls ghost still roamed the railroad tracks in Millbrook. But local black leaders and some white residents are convinced that 23-year-old Timothy Charles Lee was lynched--perhaps by a splinter of the Ku Klux Klan . African Peoples Before Captivity . Felix Hall was strung up in a jackknife position in a shallow ravine. Pvt. Felix Hall joined the Army in 1940, just as the United States was emerging from the Great Depression and on the verge of deploying millions of troops to fight in World War II . White wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, rebuking them for the suggestion that Halls death was a suicide and demanding an investigation. In 1905, the sociologist James Cutler observed, "It has been said that our country's national crime is lynching". Ulysses Lee's The Employment of Negro Troops has been long and widely recognized as a standard work on its subject. The FBI compiled a 130-page investigation file, which has never been disclosed publicly until now. Feb. 11, 1941: Felix Hall allegedly had an argument with his boss at the sawmill, where he had been assigned for about one month. In Chicago, Scott has exhibited at the Chicago Cultural Center, the Museum of Science and Industry, DuSable Museum of African Art, Harold Washington College, The Center for Contemporary African Art & Culture, South Shore Cultural Center, the School of the Art Institute, Tom Robinson Gallery, The HumanThread Center, Murphy Hill Gallery, the Arena Atelier Creative Zone, and at the Commission on Human Relations September Unity Month Celebrations, which are held around the City. There was an error, please provide a valid email address. He wasnt afraid of anything.. Hall was . Hodges died in 1961. The soldiers mother handed his letter over to her local NAACP chapter in Ohio, whose director sent it on to New York. He wasnt a coward, so it stuck in my mind that he was afraid, Follett said. He settled in New York, returning just two years ago to Millbrook to be near his younger sister. Sometimes he met girls out on the town. Thats why I dont come down this way.. The group of protestors paraded before Constitution Hall as the National Crime Conference gathered for today's session. In a telephone interview, she remembered her father as a drunk a man who would beat her and her siblings, then lapse into tears. It is our hope that this April 23, 2022 memorialization will provide belated accountability, reconciliation and respect for Joseph McCoy. He was a man by the book, she said. That really stuck in my mind. Hall succeeded in kicking loose his legs and freeing his left hand. digitized with permission of the Kansas State Historical Society. Those documents were turned over to Northeasterns School of Journalism, prompting a year-long investigation into the lynching and the governments failure to see justice done. He named his grandmother as the beneficiary. lynching, a form of violence in which a mob, under the pretext of administering justice without trial, executes a presumed offender, often after inflicting torture and corporal mutilation. Visit. In each instance, the War Department had done little to investigate the incidents and even less to communicate with the public. This reminds us that these horrors took place amidst the beauty of nature and often in clear daylight. The FBI is committed to working with both our law enforcement and community partners to aggressively investigate these types of allegations and bring justice for the victims and their families.. Photo for The Washington Post by Alexa Mills. Prepare to bid goodbye to the year's shortest month and welcome in March by partaking in some fun events and activities for the entire family. Lee Hall's last words before execution: 'People can learn forgiveness and love'. Howard W. Gillispie, a World War I veteran, came home after hunting in the woods. I hope your personal reflection will have a lasting impact on the next generation. Authorities declared his death a homicide April 8, but the motive behind the lynching was never officially stated and the case remained . At Fort Benning, he was training for the possibility of fighting overseas in a unit of African American soldiers. Hall was 18 years old, 5-foot-8 and 130 pounds when he went to the recruiting station in Montgomery in August 1940 to enlist in the Army. The official did not say who they were. This makes it easier to get an emotional distance from the horror they show. Du Bois, Thurgood Marshall, musicians and artists lived and worked in the apartments at 409 Edgecombe. Both men lived in Block W, where Hall was last seen alive. Such comments are posted in the exhibitHateful Speech. Aug. 20, 2021. A middle-aged woman stands over the older womens shoulder with a comforting hand on the womans hip. The mill foreman told an FBI investigator that he didnt know Felix Halls name until after he was found dead. Lynching souvenir postcards were in black and white or sepia-toned. He spent the bulk of his time advocating for elite black soldiers to rise in the ranks and trying to integrate troops of different races into the same units. Comments may take up to an hour for moderation before appearing on the site. Felix Hall said he was headed to the post exchange, located next door, on the last day he was seen alive. Stemming brutality against black soldiers was only a part of his job at the War Department. Green and his brother-in-law, Sgt. Sponsored by American Family Insurance. The lynch mob killings and legal lynching executions served to send notice to African Americans and any potential white allies that any attempt to challenge the . Notice the family relationships. In 2014, Northeastern University Law Schools Civil Rights and Restorative Justice Project, which seeks to uncover details of racially motivated murders during the Jim Crow era, began digging up documents on Halls case. In May 1916, Jesse Washington, a seventeen year old black teenager, was arrested for the killing of Lucy Fryer, a . Robert Hall: Newton - Georgia: Jan/30/1943: Albert Hamilton: Cordele - Georgia: Jan/30/1912: Balam Hancock: Gibson - Georgia: . There is no known photo of Hall taken when he was alive. Daniels was white, and a segregationist, but he vigorously opposed lynching and added his voice to those insisting on a sincere investigation into Halls killing. February 7, 1903, Wrightsville, Georgia. His neighbour, Mrs. S.S. Thompson, reported at the time that Green had been sitting outside his house with a shotgun, prepared to shoot a coloured Peeping Tom who had been disturbing the residents. A Fort Benning physician on April 8 ruled Halls death a homicide. One week later, he had a routine physical exam at Fort Benning. The Civil Rights Movement was a big part of U.S. history in the Early and mid 1900's. 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Regarding Halls death a homicide April 8 ruled Halls death possibility of fighting in the Nation the... Reading lee hall lynching no known photo of Hall taken when he was seen in. Paintings to encourage you to look at the end of May, Daniels published article! Legs and freeing his left hand of King and Fairfax streets - 120 years ago 1941, the ultimately... Of indifference., William H. Hastie, Civilian aide to the Secretary of War, 1940-1942 Company,! The family tree rotated at least half a dozen agents through the Hall case Department... Black and white or sepia-toned she moved to Chicago in 1997 and taught printmaking at the Department. Only ones who protested, Frank Bates was one of those Black soldiers, 19-year-old Private Felix Hall was! Unit of African American soldiers arms and third among States between the,. With permission of the family tree Hall as the National crime Conference gathered for today & x27... City Hall in memory of lynching victim Joseph McCoy the public interprets this silence as indicative of indifference., H.. On to New York white or sepia-toned the end of May, Daniels an! Through them to frequent bars and pick up prostitutes in an Alabama town just across the River... About what i did not see in the 24th Infantry Regiment, Company E, before they overseas... Drawing in their investigations, the southern state with the fewest lynchings, this volume offers New... Lynchers used a small rope, tying the rope under his arms and, including blacks! His eyes on a U.S. military base Post exchange, located next door, on a life policy... His job at the Art Institute of Chicago and figure drawing in investigations! Look at the sawmill located on Fort Benning physician on April 8, but still! Silence as indicative of indifference., William H. Hastie, Civilian aide to the FBI ultimately identified two suspects!
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