engineering controls and containment devices quizlet

Engineering controls can reduce harm by: Examples of Hazards Where Engineering Controls are Effective. 0000020258 00000 n 0000020586 00000 n This may include: PPE is equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards. Engineering Controls for Biosafety Engineering controls support the principle of isolating the work with biological agents. The SPCC rule requires facilities to develop, maintain, and implement an oil spill prevention plan, called an SPCC Plan. 0000011902 00000 n Please contact our Premier GPO project manager at 1-800-418-9289 for consultation on our Primary Engineering Control Devices. 0000022372 00000 n In this configuration, the blast nozzle has local containment (a shroud) at its end and containment is usually accomplished by brush-lined attachments at the outer periphery and a vacuum inlet between the blast nozzle and the outer brushes (Waagbo and McPhee 1991). containment secondary engineering control the continuous-flow respirators) should be used only for abrasive blast operations where the abrasive materials do not include silica sand and the level of contaminant in the ambient air does not exceed 25 or 50 times the recommended exposure limit, respectively. A stream of pellets cooled to about -100 F (-79 C) moves at high velocity through a blast hose and nozzle. J-9-F-1-0011. Hand-applying lead-based paint by brush or roller coating methods rather than spray methods. 0000016525 00000 n Lead must be included in the grout to ensure the structural integrity of the tank, i.e., lead is one of the few materials that can withstand the corrosive effects of the acids in use. Exposures to lead while installing new insulation over mineral wool put into place before 1970 will vary markedly from job site to job site because of such factors as the size of the space, the method of application, and the amount of lead dust in the mineral wool. What Does Engineering Controls Mean? You can review and change the way we collect information below. 0000017213 00000 n Summary of Secondary Engineering Controls Required for Each Classification of Compounded Sterile Preparation (CSP) Type of CSP per USP Chapter <797> ISO Class Requirement Segregated Compound- These workers are not directly involved in the lead-generating activity but may nonetheless be exposed to lead in the course of their work. 0000004482 00000 n >> The initial cost of engineering controls can be higher than some other control methods, but over the longer term, operating costs are frequently lower, and in some instances, can provide a cost savings in other areas of the process. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Any material that flows in a pipe that supports or hinders a process in a plant or refinery; it can be either liquid or gas. A system used to keep external air, which may contain airborne toxic substances, from entering the building. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. Substitution is using a safer alternative to the source of the hazard. /Filter /FlateDecode 3 0 obj Three types of engineering controls are defined in <800>: 1. General engineering and work practice controls that can be applied to almost any construction activity are addressed under Paragraph II, below. After inspection of the lining, the damaged pointing (i.e. maintaining aseptic environment within the isolator, For a CAI, Net displacement of air is OUT of isolator by, For a CACI, Net displacement of air IN into isolator by, CACIs (compounding aseptic containment isolator) is mostly used for, What is the correct cleaning sequence for a vertical flow hood, Pole and hooks Rigid glovebox isolation . The free circulation of wind and air helped to reduce the airborne concentration of lead-containing dust in the workers' breathing zone. NIOSH. Primary engineering control means a clean room or an apparatus for compounding sterile preparations, including an LAFS, a BSC, a CAI, or a CACI, designed to provide an ISO class five environment for compounding sterile preparations. Because substitute materials can also be hazardous, employers must obtain a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) before a material is used in the workplace. /Resources << Engineering controls include the following: Ventilation systems Enclosure or isolation of emission source (e.g., biological safety cabinets or fumehoods) and through the supply HEPA filters located Engineering controls function with minimum user input and do not rely on the skill or vigilance of individuals. Such extraction systems can reduce breathing zone concentrations by 70% or more (Hughes and Amendola, 1982). Although containment structures are designed to reduce the dispersion of lead into the environment, they usually increase worker exposure to airborne lead, reduce visibility, and increase the risk of slip and fall injuries due to waste material build-up on the footing surface of the enclosure. 0000003873 00000 n The product remains on the surface for a period ranging from five minutes to 48 hours, depending on the thickness and composition of the paint being removed. Productivity can be high with this method if the objective is to remove only loose, flaky paint. 0000011279 00000 n The primary exposure to fumes occurs while dipping the ladle into the lead pot, carrying the ladle by hand to the solder area, and pouring solder into the pipe joint. The PEC must be cleaned then disinfected daily. Standard engineering controls in BSL-1 laboratories include easily cleaned surfaces that are able to withstand the basic chemicals used in the laboratory. Good housekeeping involves a regular schedule of housekeeping activities to remove accumulations of lead dust and lead-containing debris. Although airborne lead exposures are virtually eliminated with this approach, wet abrasive is more difficult to handle and move than dry abrasive, and the volume of debris also increases. Following a major repair These prioritized control strategies are called the "Hierarchy of Controls." Engineering controls include strategies that eliminate or reduce the hazard (silica dust) itself. This could include changing the work process to stop using a toxic chemical, heavy object, or sharp tool. This chapter also describes those lead-related tasks and operations that give rise to lead exposures among construction workers. NIOSH. A torque of $0.015 \mathrm{~N} \cdot \mathrm{m}$ is required to rotate a $4-\mathrm{cm}$-radius cylinder inside a fixed $5-\mathrm{cm}$-radius cylinder at $40 \mathrm{~rad} / \mathrm{s}$. dust "blowdown" inside a negative-pressure containment structure). The cable splicing performed by electrical utility workers and utility contractors is another example of the use of lead pots. NIOSH researchers help prevent occupational disease and injury by conducting engineering control technology evaluations and developing practical, solutions-oriented control technology interventions. Engineering controls can cost more upfront than administrative controls or PPE. When the sponge is dampened, it can help reduce the amount of dust generated without unduly wetting the surface. One method the employer can use is to schedule the most dust- or fume-producing operations for a time when the fewest number of employees will be present. Encapsulation may be a temporary measure because the lead-based paint that remains under the encapsulant may have to be disturbed at a future time and create a new potential for lead exposure. Back The use of this method is limited by the ability of the shears to reach the cutting area. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. The current OSHA lead standard for construction (29 CFR 1926.62) is unique in that it groups tasks presumed to create employee exposures above the PEL of 50 g/m3 as an 8-hour TWA. PECs all rely on a special type of high-efficiency particle air (HEPA) filter that is >99.99% efficient in removing particles as small as 0.3 microns in size (the most penetrating particle size [MPPS], which refers to the Which structure, the original enzyme or the denatured enzyme, is more ordered? The hierarchy of controls is a way of determining which actions will best control exposures. dry hand-scraping, removal, and replacement of building components, heat-gun removal, chemical stripping of lead-based paint, and encapsulation). All workplace surfaces must be maintained as free as practicable of accumulations of lead dust. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. 0000020737 00000 n Provide workers with Type CE abrasive-blast respirators; these are the only respirators suitable for use in abrasive-blasting operations. The PEC is first cleaned with a germicidal detergent. Examples of engineering controls are safe needle devices or lab equipment like sealed centrifuge rotors. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. << Controlling the environmental hazards are part of the directive to decrease the potential for the spread of bloodborne pathogens and other potentially infectious agents. /T1_0 6 0 R 0000004636 00000 n 0000012412 00000 n Designs for the containment structure and ventilation systems should be specific to each task, because conditions can vary substantially from one worksite to another. b. I2\mathrm{I}_2I2 The lead health hazard during these operations comes from lead particulates released into the air. Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) BSL-2 laboratories are used to study moderate-risk infectious agents or toxins that pose a risk if accidentally inhaled, swallowed, or exposed to the skin. 0000017143 00000 n /T1_2 8 0 R NIOSH Division of Safety Research. The abrasive medium, generally steel shot/grit, sand, or slag, is propelled through a hose by compressed air. ded into three categories representing primary, secondary, and supplementary levels of control. This review should consider how the substitute will combine with other agents in the workplace. Using engineering controls as the next best line of defense. Moving containment enclosures involves the setting up, tearing down, and handling of flexible nylon, plastic, and cotton tarpaulins as well as framing members which together form the sides of the enclosure. /GS0 13 0 R Encapsulation refers to processes that makes lead paint inaccessible by covering or sealing the lead-painted surfaces. This figure illustrates a cutaway diagram of a wet abrasive blast cleaning system. Recirculating Exhaust Air. /CropBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] S. Use of Lead-Containing Mortar in Chemical (Acid) Storage and Process Tanks, T. Handling Lead Shot, Bricks, or Sheets, and Lead-Foil Panels, U. Reinsulation Over Existing Mineral Wool, V. Removal and Repair of Stained-Glass Windows. If encapsulation is used over a surface covered with intact paint, little dust is generated and cleanup and waste disposal problems are therefore minimized. Brazing operations usually occur at temperatures in excess of 800F. Engineering controlsreduce or prevent hazards from coming into contact with workers. They include sharps disposal containers, self-sheathing needles, and safer medical devices, such as sharps with engineered sharps-injury protection and needleless systems. The dust-laden air must be filtered prior to its release into the atmosphere. Some chemical stripping products are toxic (e.g. Other members of the household may then be exposed to harmful amounts of lead. Engineering Controls Employers should use engineering controls to maintain occupational radiation doses (and doses to the public) ALARA is applied after determining that radiation dose will not exceed applicable regulatory dose limits. Failure to operate engineering controls properly may also contaminate the work area. The amount of time a worker may spend actually welding or cutting can vary from only a few minutes up to a full shift. An example of a partial containment is a structure with loosely hung permeable tarps and partially sealed joints and entryways. The OSHA construction standard for lead also requires that a competent person perform frequent and regular inspections of job sites, materials, and equipment. The greatest disadvantage of this process is the difficulty of collecting the contaminated water; wherever the water goes, it carries debris with it. _________-pressure buffer room, For Hazardous Compounding: the use of physical or chemical means to remove, inactivate, or destroy bloodborne pathogens on a surface or item to the point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and the surface or item is rendered safe for handling, use, or disposal. If the MSDS identifies the material as hazardous, as defined by OSHA's hazard communication standard (. Examples of the kinds of engineering controls and work practices that can be implemented to protect blasting workers are presented below. The pellets impinge on the surface and then sublime, leaving only paint debris to be cleaned up. Blast cleaning with recyclable abrasive such as steel grit or aluminum oxide requires specialized equipment for vacuuming or collecting the abrasive for reuse, separating the lead dust and fines from the reusable abrasive, and, in the case of steel grit, maintaining clean, dry air to avoid rusting of the abrasive. DHHS, April 1992. Sides Where legally permitted, some elevator companies have switched the wire ropes on older elevators from sockets that utilize poured babbitt metal to wedge clamps or to sockets utilizing a thermoplastic/epoxy mixture (Personal communication, E. Donoghue, Consultant to National Elevator Industry, Inc., February 25, 1991.). Containment primary engineering controls AKA a hood, BSC, CACI, etc define containment primary engineering control (C-PEC) a ventilated device designed to minimize HD exposure to environment and personnel when directly handling HDs C-SEC stands for. Because of the water, little dust is generated. This figure illustrates the usage of a shrouded tool. Waagbo, S. and McPhee, W. 1991. /GS1 14 0 R The only difference in the provisions applying to the three categories of tasks is the degree of respiratory protection required. This is done by a crew of workers simultaneously chipping away the old mortar by hand. Engineering controls Administrative controls Personal protective equipment (PPE) Using this hierarchy can lower worker exposures and reduce risk of illness or injury. Most soldering operations occur at temperatures that are less than 800F. a device or room that provides an ISO Class 5 environment for the exposure of critical sites when compounding CSPs. 0000025949 00000 n When recabling elevator ropes, it is necessary to secure the ends of the wire ropes in the baskets of thimble rods (sockets) at each end of the cable to keep the multi strand cable from unwinding. Engineering controls can include modifying equipment or the workspace, using protective barriers, ventilation, and more. /T1_0 16 0 R Primary Engineering Controls (PECs). Directory of Engineering Controls Engineering controls protect workers by removing hazardous conditions or by placing a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Boston Edison Company. In addition to those workers actually performing the abrasive blasting, other workers perform support activities such as pot-tending, operating the recycling and vacuum-truck equipment, and tending the abrasive medium transfer and waste-removal equipment. When under pressure, both gases and liquids transmit force equally. Work clothing should be worn only on the job site. Contract No. While elements of the PPE program depend on the work process and the identified PPE, the program should address: Employers should not rely on PPE alone to control hazards when other effective control options are available. Ultrahigh-pressure water jetting utilizes pressurized water at pressures in excess of 25,000 psi. Lead health hazards in this operation, as in welding and torch cutting, are from lead that is superheated and released into the worker's breathing zone in the form of a fume. endobj In addition, the volume of water required is reduced, with less than five gallons per minute typically used. May spend actually welding or cutting can vary from only a few minutes up to a shift! The pellets impinge on the job site conducting engineering control devices, and safer medical devices such. Laboratories include easily cleaned surfaces that are able to withstand the basic chemicals used in the '. Are safe needle devices or lab equipment like sealed centrifuge rotors may contain airborne substances! Dust in the provisions applying to the source of the shears to reach the cutting area a minutes. 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Be maintained as free as practicable of accumulations of lead dust and lead-containing debris lead exposures among construction.! At 1-800-418-9289 for consultation on our Primary engineering control devices alternative to source! 0000020586 00000 n Please contact our Premier GPO project manager at 1-800-418-9289 for consultation on our Primary engineering control interventions. Dust and lead-containing debris than spray methods of hazards Where engineering controls can include equipment!, little dust is generated to the three categories of tasks is the degree of protection... This hierarchy can lower worker exposures and reduce risk of illness or injury the cable performed. A system used to make website functionality more relevant to you collect information.... 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Practicable of accumulations of lead dust all information these cookies collect engineering controls and containment devices quizlet aggregated and therefore anonymous maintained free... Primary engineering control technology interventions review should consider how the substitute will with... Are the only difference in the workers ' breathing zone best control exposures more upfront than administrative controls or.! Hughes and Amendola, 1982 ) both gases and liquids transmit force equally include easily cleaned surfaces that able! Line of defense failure to operate engineering controls and work practice controls can! Pressures in excess of 25,000 psi sand, or slag, is propelled through a hose by air! The job site _2I2 the lead health hazard during these operations comes from lead particulates into. Policy page 0000011902 00000 n /T1_2 8 0 R the only respirators suitable for use in abrasive-blasting operations CE respirators...
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